La morsure de serpent constitue une forme grave d’envenimations. Au Maghreb, les syndromes vipérins sont le fait de la vipère Lébétine (Vipera lebetina), la vipère à cornes ou vipère des sables (Cerastes cerastes), parfois Bitis ou Echis sp. Le tableau clinique associe des anomalies biologiques de l’hémostase et un œdème local avec possibilité de syndrome de loge et de nécrose. Les protocoles thérapeutiques associent une prise en charge médicochirurgicale symptomatique et une immunothérapie spécifique.

The snakebite is a severe form of envenomation. In the Maghreb, viperin syndromes result from biting by the lebetin viper (Vipera lebetina), the horned viper or the sand viper (Cerastes cerastes), and sometimes Bitis or Echis species. Clinical symptoms such as local edema are associated with haemostasis disorders and the risk of compartment syndrome and tissue necrosis. The management of snake bites is based on specific immunotherapy and medical supportive treatments. The administration of highly purified immunoglobulin improves the prognosis of envenomation, reduce morbidity and mortality, and reduce the length of the hospital stay. Envenomation of a limb can lead to a compartment syndrome. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment is needed to prevent these complications.